Table 2 Baseline characteristics of 225 couples from the EARTH study in relation to male smoking status
From: Discrete survival model analysis of a couple’s smoking pattern and outcomes of assisted reproduction
| Male Smoking Status | P –value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Never smoker | Former smoker | Current smoker | ||
| Number of couples, n (%) | 154 (68.4) | 55 (24.4) | 16 (7.1) | <0.001 |
| Total ART cycles, n (%) | 235 (66.4) | 89 (25.1) | 30 (8.5) | <0.001 |
| Male Characteristics b | ||||
| Age, years | 35 (32, 40) | 37 (34, 40) | 37 (33, 39) | 0.20 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.8 (24.3, 29.1) | 27.4 (24.3, 30.0) | 25.6 (23.4, 28.3) | 0.33 |
| At least college education, n (%) | 111 (72.1) | 33 (60.0) | 7 (56.3) | 0.15 |
| Non-Hispanic Caucasian, n (%) | 137 (89.0) | 48 (87.3) | 13 (81.3) | 0.58 |
| Pack-years | NA | 3.3 (1.1, 7.3) | 7.0 (3.3, 8.7) | 0.07 |
| Total smoking duration, years | NA | 10 (5, 14) | 17 (14, 19) | 0.001 |
| Average cigarettes smoked | NA | 6.0 (3.0, 12.0) | 9.3 (4.8, 11.3) | 0.68 |
| Age of smoking initiation, years | NA | 18 (16, 20) | 16 (15, 20) | 0.22 |
| Total Smoking cessation, years | NA | 4.0 (1.5, 7.8) | 0.2 (0.2, 0.2) | <0.001 |
| Exposed to passive smoking, n (%) | 24 (15.6) | 14 (25.5) | 7 (43.8) | 0.01 |
| Male Reproductive History | ||||
| History of cryptorchidism, n (%) | 10 (6.5) | 2 (3.7) | 2 (12.5) | 0.42 |
| History of varicocele, n (%) | 16 (10.4) | 4 (7.3) | 2 (12.5) | 0.90 |
| History of reproductive surgery, n (%) | 31 (20.1) | 8 (14.6) | 7 (43.8) | 0.04 |
| Female Partner Characteristics | ||||
| Partner age, years | 34 (32, 38) | 35 (33, 38) | 36 (33, 39) | 0.47 |
| Partner BMI, kg/m2 | 22.2 (20.7, 25.4) | 23.8 (21.3, 27.7) | 24.8 (20.5, 29.2) | 0.11 |
| Partner former smoker, n (%) | 31 (20.1) | 16 (29.1) | 4 (25.0) | 0.38 |
| Partner current smoker, n (%) | 2 (1.3) | 1 (1.8) | 4 (25.0) | <0.001 |
| Baseline Reproductive Characteristics | ||||
| Previous IUI, n (%) | 67 (43.5) | 18 (32.7) | 7 (43.8) | 0.37 |
| Previous IVF, n (%) | 34 (77.9) | 11 (20.0) | 4 (25.0) | 0.90 |
| ICSI, n (%) | 82 (53.3) | 27 (49.1) | 9 (56.3) | 0.83 |
| Infertility diagnosis, n (%) | 0.53 | |||
| Male factor | 55 (35.7) | 16 (29.1) | 8 (50.0) | |
| Diminished ovarian reserve | 8 (5.2) | 3 (5.5) | 2 (12.5) | |
| Endometriosis | 6 (3.9) | 6 (10.9) | 1 (6.3) | |
| Ovulatory dysfunction | 13 (8.4) | 7 (12.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Tubal Causes | 13 (8.4) | 5 (9.1) | 2 (12.5) | |
| Uterine Causes | 2 (1.3) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Unexplained | 57 (37.0) | 17 (30.9) | 3 (18.8) | |
| Initial treatment protocol, n (%) | 0.05 | |||
| Antagonist | 16 (10.4) | 5 (9.1) | 6 (37.5) | |
| Flare | 18 (11.7) | 5 (9.1) | 2 (12.5) | |
| Luteal phase agonist | 120 (77.9) | 45 (82.8) | 8 (50.0) | |
| Day 3 FSH levels, IU/L | 6.7 (5.8, 8.0) | 6.6 (5.8, 8.2) | 8.2 (7.3, 9.5) | 0.004 |
| E2 Trigger levels, pmol/L | 2076 (1560, 2678) | 2145 (1632, 2570) | 1761 (1225, 2311) | 0.27 |
| Day of embryo transfer, n (%) | 0.90 | |||
| No transfer | 12 (7.8) | 2 (7.3) | 1 (6.3) | |
| Day 2 | 7 (4.6) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (6.3) | |
| Day 3 | 71 (46.4) | 29 (52.7) | 9 (56.3) | |
| Day 5 | 63 (41.2) | 21 (38.2) | 5 (31.3) | |
| Number of embryos transferred, n (%) | 0.90 | |||
| No transfer | 12 (7.8) | 2 (7.3) | 1 (6.3) | |
| 1 embryo | 34 (22.2) | 8 (14.6) | 4 (25.0) | |
| 2 embryos | 83 (54.3) | 34 (61.8) | 8 (50.0) | |
| 3 or more embryos | 24 (15.7) | 9 (16.4) | 3 (18.8) | |